Behaviour Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry

Kozol’s Savage Inequalities Free Essays

Jonathan Kozol was conceived in 1936 in Massachusetts.â Throughout his life, he has been amazingly dynamic in open issues.â He spent a few instructing in state funded schools, battling against the imbalances there, yet in addition battling for the social equality development and fairness for all, regardless of race or ethnicity. We will compose a custom exposition test on Kozol’s Savage Inequalities or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now  Most of the schools Kozol educated at were downtown schools, like the ones he expounds on in his book (www.wikipedia.com). Kozol’s reason recorded as a hard copy the book was to uncover the tremendous disparities that are available in today’s schools.â He gave a preview of a wide range of ways schools are inconsistent: subsidizing, instructor quality, school condition, materials, and more.â He profiled a few unique schools, specifically, downtown Chicago schools and rural Chicago schools (New Trier), to show the huge contrasts in each part of these schools, and the impacts that these distinctions had on the understudies. Kozol additionally proposed to show the large number of various issues that went into making the issue, for example, absence of subsidizing, absence of materials, absence of value instructor, political apathy or inside and out scorn (towards downtown schools), parent deception (or absence of data), absence of parental training and information about the framework, and more.â These distinctions all record for why the schools are so immeasurably unique; cash isn't the main issue and straightforward arrangement. Kozol achieved his purpose.â As one is perusing the book, one is loaded up with stun, frightfulness, and outrage at the immense imbalances that exist in the schools.â One especially telling area is his delineation of the kindergarten understudies, who Kozol portrays as brilliant and anxious to learn, even in the internal city.â However, these children †who have each capacity to learn †are given scarcely any materials and poor instructors, and they neglect to flourish. This disappointment, he clarifies, results from the instruction framework bombing them, and not from their own absence of anything.â He obviously outlines the injustice of the educational system, and proposes some fascinating solutions.â In the kindergarten class in one of Kozol’s models, there are no photos on the divider, there are old course readings, there are not many toys to play with, and there is an educator who is excessively drained to care.â The instructor realizes that whatever occurs, huge numbers of these understudies will drop out of secondary school, and huge numbers of those will land in jail.â The educator doesn't accept that she can have any kind of effect, despite the fact that at this age, with the understudies enthusiastic and fundamentally respectful, she could. The reason for existing was all around achieved on account of Kozol’s numerous examples.â The manner in which he utilized the contextual analyses was particularly interesting.â For the situation of New Trier, the guardians were reluctant to charge themselves at a high rate, however their pay and property estimations were high to the point that they will had a lot of money.â Therefore, the school had magnificent class contributions, offices, instructors, and students.â In less fortunate areas, as Lawndale, guardians burdened themselves as much as could reasonably be expected, they still couldn’t stand to have great school structures, new materials, and great teachers.â This distinction in character and demeanor of the individuals in the region further represents Kozol’s point. What's more, Kozol features the sheer condition contrasts in the schools.â In the rural areas, educators come in regularly, on time †or they are liable to train or being fired.â He cites one head in a downtown school as saying â€Å"I take everything that gets through the door,† which implies that instructors who are missing as a rule, or who appear a few hours late ordinary despite everything have jobs.â These situations depict a total absence of minding with respect to the instructors. This is at any rate to some degree in light of the fact that the educators genuinely accept they can't make a difference.â Many realize that the greater part of the understudies will drop out of school and end up in jail, uneducated, and with no activity or a poor job.â Some instructors even consider this to be as positive, expressing that the children who truly care stay in school until graduation.â However, this is a horrible method to consider understudies, and just sustains the circumstance. Likewise, the rural schools will in general be more up to date, splendidly lit, with a lot of homerooms and restrooms and decorations.â The urban schools are fortunate to make them work washroom that isn’t perfect, dim windows, and a structure that is self-destructing around them.â at times, urban schools have amazingly packed study halls, no working washrooms, no libraries, no PCs, no improvements, and are very depressing.â Students start playing hooky at a youthful age only to stay away from these conditions. Kozol additionally examines the perspectives of the law makers.â Many will not spend more cash on these bombing schools since it would, in their estimation, resemble â€Å"pouring cash into a dark hole.† as it were, useless.â This demonstrates government authorities are not successfully take care of the issue; indeed, they regularly are the issue, by declining to accept that anything could change.  Their languid demeanor needs to pivot; instead of compensating the understudies who are as of now succeeding, they should endeavor to help the understudies who battle, who will possibly pivot if the officials decide to carry out their responsibility and backer for all understudies. The area on Corla Hawkins’s class was specific interesting.â In it, Kozol outlines one of the â€Å"bright spots† in any case horrendous downtown schools.â Ms. Hawkins is an extraordinary educator who thinks about her understudies, who ensures they come to class, who compels them to regard her and each other.â She spends her very own great deal cash on provisions for the homeroom, including a lot of encyclopedias.â She allocates schoolwork ordinarily so as to advance duty. She sits the understudies in â€Å"teams† at gatherings of work areas, and has them show each other the lessons.â Her accentuation implies that understudies in her group succeed significantly more than the normal understudy in the school.â Ms. Hawkins likewise shows the understudies significant social skills.â She doesn’t give reviews at all in the principal quarter; she gives group reviews in the second; she gives pair reviews in the third; she gives singular evaluations in the fourth.â along these lines, she shows the children to learn before being serious about evaluations, and afterward to help each other and participate more than compete.â Later, she shows the understudies to pay special mind to themselves. One of the deplorable issues with this is these understudies will have one year of fantastic educating, and afterward will return to the â€Å"typical† way that things are in downtown schools, implying that their odds of achievement are still genuinely low overall.â It additionally gives the understudies as taste of what could have been, which implies that generally speaking, one great instructor doesn’t transform anything. The best arrangement is to address the issue by changing the manner in which the schools are financed.â Instead of declining to place cash into the schools, lawmakers ought to be anxious to place more cash into them, enough to construct new structures (or improve the present ones) and to employ genuinely qualified teachers.â If that happens, change will start at the base levels, as understudies come in and discover instructors with better standards, and materials to help learning.â People need to quit being totally sad about these schools and these understudies and begin giving them what they need.â Without the best possible materials and quality educators, it is highly unlikely that understudies will mind, or learn. In certain states, school subsidizing is done in an illegal way.â truth be told, in many states, schools are supported in any event to some degree by property taxes.â This offers a prompt imbalance, since more unfortunate zones, as downtown zones, will naturally have lower property estimations, and hence, less cash for schools.â another financing plan that conveys cash all the more similarly, or dependent on need, is in order.â A rural school with effectively current materials, PCs, and new structures doesn't require as much cash as a downtown school with old materials, no innovation, and a disintegrating building. Right now, the deduction in instruction is to offer cash to the understudies and locale who are as of now winners.â Money is allocated as a prize for success.â This worth needs to change, with the goal that cash is given dependent on need, in light of the fact that the worth is achievement and open door for everybody, not only for the advantaged not many. Perusing this book changes one’s view in transit schools are taken care of in this country.â It appears to be flawlessly reasonable for experience childhood in an advantaged region, and to go into training as somebody who needs to proceed with that custom of excellence.â However, going up against the issues that face numerous schools today shows that instruction isn't great, and only one out of every odd school or understudy is about as fortunate as a few. This new acknowledgment will change the manner in which an individual glances at being an administrator.â Perhaps, rather than battling for each dollar for a specific school’s superb AP program, one would decide to convey that cash to locale who don't have things they need.â Or, rather than buying new reading material every now and again and disposing of the old ones, one may decide to purchase new course books for another school, or to give more seasoned (yet at the same time genuinely later) ones to a school out of luck. Additionally, with regards to making arrangements, one may decide to consider what is best for all understudies, as opposed to just a little group.â Many of the understudies in a less fortunate area don't have anybody to advoca

Essay sample on effects of texting

Essay sample on effects of texting Contemporary students are extremely dependent on the Internet and their smartphones. They got used to being in touch with their peers and family and use text messaging both at home and school. Although one cannot deny that elaborate communication tools are extremely useful, an increasing number of researchers, educators, and parents raise concerns about the effects of excessive text messaging on teenagers. More specifically, there have been heated debates as to the adverse impact of texting on students’ literacy skills. This text messaging affecting literacy research paper aims to explore these concerns in detail and, based on the reliable academic literature, determine whether text messaging is indeed detrimental for teenagers’ writing and communication skills. Texting and Literacy Research: Contradicting Results There have been many studies attempting to explore the effects of text messaging on students literacy. Some critics argue that excessive use of smartphones adversely affects the way children think, read, and write. They note that the more students use this type of communication, the less they are able to see the difference between informal and formal English (Myhra, 2010). Among the most common mistakes made by students are missing words, misspelling, and missing punctuation, mainly because texting does not require users to pay attention to all these aspects. The problem is that students use texting for informal communication, where academic grammar is not generally required. They use cyber slang, such as “LOL,” “BFF,” or “WTF” to express their emotions, which is fine for chatting with friends but is unacceptable for higher education or business (Myhra, 2010). Educators are concerned that if students learn to use this simplified language in the middle-school, they may hav e difficulty using correct, formal language when they grow up (Tomaszewski, 2011). To summarize, negative effects of text messaging have been well-documented during the past decade. However, not all researchers agree that texting is detrimental to children’s writing skills and spelling. For example, the recent study by Van Dijk et al. (2016) aimed to determine how textese affect students’ cognitive abilities and executive functions. The main objective pursued by authors was to answer the question “does text messaging affect writing skills?” Scholars used a sample of 55 teenagers who regularly used text messaging. Results revealed that textese improve both children’s abilities in written language and their spoken language. In this way, the study showed that contrary to the widespread opinion, texting does not lead to language deterioration (Van Dijk et al., 2016). These findings were supported by Wood, Kemp, and Waldron (2014) who noted that texting slang does not seem to impact teenagers’ literacy negatively. Baggott (2006) argued that in the contemporary digital age, the very concept of literacy should be viewed differently. As explained by the author, today’s literacy is not only about writing and reading skills but also about the ability to interpret information, knowing how to use multimedia, and being able to select the relevant data from the wide array of sources. Therefore, if to look at literacy from this perspective, one may confidently note that texting allows students to gain all these vital skills. More importantly, Baggott (2006) highlighted that the effects of text messaging on students’ literacy are exaggerated. In fact, they know perfectly well when they can use “IMHO” and when they should use more sophisticated, formal language. Singh, Gupta, and Tuteja (2015) took a middle-ground position and argued that texting may affect students’ literacy both positively and negatively. On the one hand, students who use text messaging communicate more and gain new knowledge and information, which makes them generally literate. On the other hand, the use of short words may make them lazy and less attentive to grammar and spelling (Singh et al., 2015). Verheijen (2013) added that existing studies do not allow drawing definite conclusions as to the effects of texting. According to this author, differences in sample sizes, population, and methodology mean that comparing the findings of the empirical research is impossible. Other Effects of Text Messaging in the Classroom As shown in the previous paragraphs, there is no unanimity regarding the effects of text messaging to students in relation to literacy skills. However, text messaging is a social phenomenon that affects not only writing and reading but also teenagers’ communication skills. Effects of text messaging on communication skills have been widely researched nowadays, and the prevailing view is that texting is detrimental to genuine face-to-face communication. Villines (2012) explained that children get used to instant messaging and anonymity brought by popular messengers, so they may feel uncomfortable interacting with people in real life. In other words, they forget that face-to-face communication requires considerable efforts, patience, and listening skills. As a result, one may see the negative effects of texting in the classroom, where children are expected to actively interact in-person. As noted by Villines (2012), students may get irritated by slow-paced communication and lose a cha nce to build meaningful relationships with peers and teachers. To conclude there are both negative and positive effects of texting on literacy, so further research is needed to address this controversy. On the one hand, it is believed that texting deprives students of the opportunity to learn the formal language and makes them less attentive to grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style. On the other hand, the use of technologies may positively affect teenagers’ digital literacy skills, which are vital for succeeding in the contemporary society. However, one thing is clear â€" texting adversely affects the way children communicate, so it is important to encourage them to spend more time on in-person interaction.

Sexual Rape And Sexual Assault - 987 Words

Sexual abuse is a very sensitive and serious issue in United States, yet as well as other counties. Although we all live in a modern civilize world, we hear more and more about this unpleasant affairs happening all the time, and it seem like these problems are only increasing in every country. Therefore, each nation have their own legal definition and law of sexual assault. The following information is an example of a legal definition and statistic of those countries. United States – In the U.S., there just has a new definition of rape which had published on January 1, 2013. According to FBI the new summary of rape is â€Å"Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.† However, each state has their own explanation of rape and sexual assault, but will have the similar essence. Statistic has shown that 1 out of every 6 American women has been a victim of sexual attempted (14.8% completed rape; 2.8% attempted rape). Which means 17.7 million women have been a victims. About 3% or 1 in 33 men have faced this problem. (https://www.rainn.org/statistics) Iran – This country has a law that â€Å"if a women is raped she is considered an adulteress and faces death by stoning. But if a woman fights off and/or murdered rapist, she can be sentence to death.† (http://www.rozanehmagazine.com/JanFeb04/womeniran.html) Many married women has experienced sexual abuseShow MoreRelatedSexual Rape And Sexual Assault2248 Words   |  9 Pagesby sexual assault and are left, physically and mentally scarred. Sexual abuse can come in many different forms, such as; sexual harassment, stranger assault and a more under reported crime, such as date rape (Types of Sexual Assault). Date rape drugs are used in sexual assault; which is any type of sexual activity that a person does not agree upon (Date Rape Drug: Get the Facts on the Diffe rent Kinds). Anyone can be a victim of sexual assault regardless of their race, culture, gender, sexual orientationRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault And Rape1465 Words   |  6 PagesRape and sexual assault have been a growing epidemic not only in The United States, but all around the world as well. There are many stories based on these issues that also deal with something called date rape drugs. Rape, sexual assault, and date rape drugs are all very closely related and can all occur in the same situation. Date rape drugs can be used to lead to a sexual assault against someone and then possibly rape. These topics are all very serious because â€Å"There is an average of 207,754Read MoreRape And Sexual Assault And Rape955 Words   |  4 PagesRapes and sexual assaults have become issues more and more in our society. Society has become more aware of these types of crimes. For a long time, there was only rape, now it is less broad than just that. Individuals, government bodies an d school have all decided to work together and individually on lessening the crime. Studies have revealed many shocking statistics that have pushed society to act against these crimes. Below, I will be explaining what exactly is rape and sexual assault, how theyRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Assault895 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehend the simple meaning of the word no. Records of sexual assault are going through the roof, because of the fact people do not understand that no means no. The main victims of sexual assault are women and statics show one in four women have experienced unwanted sexual content. People come up with numerous excuses of why to blame the woman for the experiences they face, which is wrong and make women question themselves. Women who are sexual assaulted are judged by themselves and by our societyRead MoreSexual Assault, Rape, And Rape1644 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Assault Sexual coercion, sexual assault, and rape are acts of violence with numerous physical and mental health consequences (Helgeson, 430). It is important for future generations to be informed about these topics so that we can it prevent it from continuing. Sexual assaults are a rising problem for female teens on college campuses because of the discrepancies with the no means no policy, reoccurring problems with college fraternities, and today’s â€Å"rape† culture enabling sexual assault. ItRead MoreRape and Sexual Assault1997 Words   |  8 PagesRape and Sexual Assault Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person’s consent. The act maybe carried out by force, under threat, or with a person who is incapable with valid consent. The definition of rape varies both in different parts of the world and at different times in history. According to the American Medical Association, sexual violence, and rape in particular, is consideredRead MoreSexual Assault, Rape, And Rape858 Words   |  4 Pagesto voice their opinions on the issue. Parents who shop at Target are claiming that this new bathroom policy is unsafe for their children and that it’s putting them at risk for assault. My question is: Did sexual assault, rape, and molestation just now become a worrisome factor in these parent’s eyes’? I hope not. If a sexual predator wanted to target your child are the chances for that any higher after the policy change when e very parent is on alert and has their guard up? Probably not. Most of theRead MoreRape : A Victim Of Sexual Assault861 Words   |  4 PagesAnyone can be a victim of sexual assault. It does not matter what gender, age, economic class, religion, or race you are, because it can happen to anyone. According to one website, â€Å"Rape victims are doctors, lawyers, nurses, military personnel, cooks, accountants, students- anyone and everyone could be vulnerable to rape or sexual assault,† (â€Å"Rape Myths and Facts,† 2015). Therefore, yes males can be the victims of sexual assault, in fact one out of every 10 rape victims are male, (RAINN, 2016).Read MoreRape And Sexual Assault Rates942 Words   |  4 Pagesand Shields found that sexual assault rates are â€Å"3.1 to 4.4 times higher at the most permissive colleges and universities than their more restrictive counterparts†. The strict enforcing of alcohol bans can reduce sexual assault incidents. Socially regulate d environments such as those found in religious schools do in fact keep the incidents of rape and sexual assault down. However Richardson and Shields points out that this is not because these schools effectively condemned rape, but rather the restrictedRead MoreReporting Rape And Sexual Assault2577 Words   |  11 Pages Reporting Rape/Sexual Assault Prevented By: Psychological Barriers Created by Social Stigmas, Gender Views, and Law Enforcement Bias Victoria Veach University of Alabama Reporting Rape/Sexual Assault Prevented By: Psychological Barriers Created by Social Stigma, Gender Views, and Law Enforcement Bias Sexual assault and rape in common language are usually referred to as the same subject. The word sexual assault is the main category while rape is a specific entity within this category

The Meaning of Fire in Fahrenheit 451by Ray Bradbury Essay

Fire is very common in basic human life and has many purposes. With its many uses, fire’s symbolic meaning is open to various interpretations. In regards to Fahrenheit 451 fire can symbolize knowledge, destruction, and also rebirth. Ray Bradbury illustrates correctly the ambiguity of fire’s metaphors through Montag. As Montag gains new perspectives on fire readers are shown that fire is a very prominent symbol with multiple meanings. Bradbury first depicted fire as a hurtful force through Montag, a fireman, who burn books. With the converted mentality of his culture, â€Å"it was [Montag’s] pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed† (3). Montag’s culture sees burning as an enjoyment;†¦show more content†¦This shows the trust and solace that fire can give, where Montag and his mother had shared a bond in the vast and paralyzed society around them, roused by the light of a small flam e. Introducing words such as â€Å"rediscovery, illumination, comfortably† Bradbury starts Montags mental change and starts to evolve the meaning of fire. In a similar way, the woman who burns to death with her books comments before she dies: â€Å"We shall this day light such a candle†¦as I trust shall never be put out† (36). The candle she refers to embodies the trigger of revolutionary thinking that changes Montag and his understanding of culture. This fire, instead of destroying, creates hope and rebirth. In addition to the woman’s dying words later in the book Montag is inspired by Granger’s telling of the Phoenix. Granger mentioned that â€Å"[Pheonix] must have been first cousin to Man† which is saying that men and the phoenix are alike in the sense that they resurrect every certain amount of years (163). The comparison between Man and the Phoenix is compelling because it gives the reader a feeling of self-renewed hope toward mankind, particularly since Man can look back on the mistakes that he has made and would like to gain from them later on. Throughout history, fire is depicted as a symbol of knowledge and self- awareness. Towards the end of the novel, Montag himself begins to understand the restoring and encouraging power of fire that is

Fashion Buying Free Essays

What are the Core Skills and Attributes Required to be a Successful Fashion Buyer? Craig Weighting This study was carried out in order to explore the role of the fashion buyer and generate a greater understanding whilst also developing informed and insightful opinions on the key attributes required in becoming a successful fashion buyer in industry. The main findings were that the fashion industry is a highly competitive market place as much reliant on business flair and intuition as it is on creativity. Gallagher (2008) goes to great lengths to reinforce the belief that the reality of the assign industry is a far cry from â€Å"the glamorous image of runway shows, celebrities on red carpets and designers yachting in SST. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Buying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parts† and continues, â€Å"the fashion world requires hard work, discipline, perseverance and passion. † A talented and capable fashion buyer is one of the most important assets any organization can possess, and it is the role primarily responsible for the success or failure of company strategies. It became apparent that the most important qualities present in any successful fashion buyer could be divided into two areas, personal and intellectual. Personal skills are he perceived obvious traits such as a flair and enthusiasm for fashion along with strong knowledge of relevant markets, customers and competitors. However, the conclusions made deduce that equally as important are intellectual attributes such as versatility in pressure situations, effective interpersonal and communication skills as well as decision-making, analytical and innumeracy skills. The combination of these characteristics is vital in distinguishing a fashion buyer, with an aptitude for logic, process, Judgment and reason as well as target market and consumer knowledge; room a fashion designer simply displaying artistic flair and an eccentric attitude or a business-apt financial expert. How to cite Fashion Buying, Essays

Psychological profiling Essay Example

Psychological profiling Essay Psychological profiling has been described as an investigative technique meant to be used to aid in solving particularly unusual cases. It is essentially felt to be an art, rather than a scientific pursuit (McCann, 1992), used to draw psychological conclusions from the material evidence left behind at a crime scene. The guiding theoretical base behind this increasingly popular but controversial tool is largely from the psychological literature. Although its origins can be traced as far back as the Bible, the professional development of profiling is most likely to be attributed to the work of the Behavioural Sciences Unit (BSU) at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. The work of Dr. Thomas Bond (1880s) following his autopsy on the last of Jack the Rippers victims, the psychological profile of Adolf Hitler by Walter Langer during World War II and James Brussels highly accurate sketch of the Mad Bomber of New York (and the Boston Strangler) are all well-known and highly successful examples of this technique. The profile is generated based upon what can be termed a psychological assessment of the crime scene (Ault Reese, 1980) and may include the following elements (Ault Reese, 1980): Perpetrators race, sex, age range, marital status, general employment and degree of sexual maturity; The possibility of the offender striking again, having committed similar offences in the past or having a police record; Offenders reaction to police questioning. The best known methods used are: a) The FBIs Crime Scene Analysis principal foundation lies within the organised and disorganised offender dichotomy. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological profiling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological profiling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It uses statistics to compare the behaviour of the current offender with those the Profiler has encountered before (Douglas Ressler, 1978). b) Investigative Psychology based on various aspects of the interaction between the victim and offender. It relies heavily on environmental psychology and also employs statistics (Canter, 1985). c) Behaviour Evidence Analysis relies primarily on forensic evidence and is the latest school of thought with no statistics used on broad offender groups. We shall now proceed to examine the positive and negative aspects of this technique. The Uses of Profiling Profiles are generally called in by the law enforcement agencies when they come across a type of murder (or crime) not seen before or to assist in solving a crime that has been unsolved for a long period of time and all leads have been exhausted. Profiling can aid an investigation in the following ways: It helps to narrow the search greatly and enables investigators to focus on individuals with similar personality traits of others who have committed very similar offences in the past (Pinizzotto, 1984). It generates an educated guess about the perpetrator (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess Ressler; Rossi, 1982) which although generalistic, can get more specific with additional information (e. g. photographs). A carefully prepared profile may also be able to help connect past unsolved crimes to the current offender (an aid to linkage blindness). Examine a series of cases to see if there is a link between two or more cases based on the crime scene and the victims (recognition of what is referred to as a signature) Some indication could be provided as to whether or not future attacks are likely which could help in lowering the number of victims. Valuable tips could be obtained about possible items to add to a search warrant, e. g. souvenirs, pornography, photos. Along with possibly enabling quicker apprehension of the offender, a profile could suggest possible interrogation strategies for the police to elicit information from the suspect. Profilers could also serve as an expert witness and help jurors to understand the dynamics and motivations of the killer. The FBIs attempt to test inter-ratal reliability using six of its agents provided with basic details of 64 murder scenes was followed by comparing these results (for type and structure of each crime scene) with existing profiles. This revealed a high inter-rater reliability for classification of type of crime (84%) but a lower result for structure of the crime (74%). Some feel that its grounding in sound testable psychological theory ensures its validity (Grant). The FBIs cost-benefit study in 1981 to assess the utility of profiling found that of 192 profiled cases, only 46% were solved and only 17% of suspects were identified directly by the profile. However, in 77% of cases profiling helped to properly focus the investigation, in 20% it helped to locate possible suspects and in 6% aided in successful prosecution with only 17% of solved cases considering profiling to be of little or no assistance (Pinizzotto, 1984). Study using a closed case method (known offender) compared profiles, detectives and college students on the quality of profiles found that although profiles differed little from detectives in processing the evidence, they were more accurate in answering specific questions about sex related offences. Several researchers have also provided preliminary support for the central premises of signature and organised/disorganised typology that profiling relies on (Ressler et al, 1988; Canter Heritage, 1990; Gratzer Bradford, 1995; Dietz, Hazelwood Warren, 1990). Using the statistical technique of Smallest Space Analysis, strong support was obtained for the use of signature in profiling (Canter Heritage, 1990). Crime Scene Analysis (FBI) is a well known and widely accepted method that has resulted in a number of profiles with some research support of its tenets (see above). Investigative Psychology with its geospatial principles has been extremely useful too in profiling homicide and sexual assaults. Behaviour Evidence Analysis has been acclaimed for its good cross-cultural applicability and robust foundation based on forensic evidence.